i had the same problem under iOS 17.4.1 with my iPhone 14 Plus starting on May 9th, but instead of the black screen on the front or main camera, all photos taken had washes of bright red, green and blue across one side or one corner of the image, as if RGB layers had been partially peeled back. I could get the camera view to work normally by forcing a restart OR by changing the zoom ratio to 0.5 ultra wide and then pinching out to 1.0 or higher on the touch screen. However, the color artifacts continued on every photo taken with the front camera.
These problems all went away IMMEDIATELY but temporarily late on May 14 when I installed iOS 17.5. On the 16th, when my camera was working normally, I had a diagnostic run at an Apple Store Genius Bar. No hardware defect of any kind was detected. By later on May 16th, both of the camera problems (black screen and color artifacts in every photo taken with the front camera) had returned.